Interdependence Journal of International Studies
Interdependence Journal of International Studies (IJIS) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Department of International Relations, Universitas Mulawarman. IJIS covers a broad range of subjects under International Relations discipline, including diplomacy and global issues, international politics and security, international economics and development, and humanitarian issues.
Department of International Relations, Universitas Mulawarman
Peran Festival D’reesha Qatar Dalam Mempertahankan Identitas dan Budaya Nasional Qatar
ABSTRAK Qatar, sebagai negara kecil di Teluk Arab, telah mengalami perkembangan pesat yang didorong oleh kekayaan minyak dan gasnya; namun, negara ini juga menghadapi tantangan dalam melestarikan identitas nasionalnya di tengah globalisasi dan dominasi populasi ekspatriat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Festival D'reesha Qatar dalam melestarikan identitas dan budaya nasional melalui perspektif diplomasi budaya dan pencitraan negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari jurnal akademik, publikasi pemerintah, dan media massa melalui riset pustaka. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Festival D'reesha memainkan peran penting dalam mempromosikan identitas nasional Qatar kepada khalayak lokal dan internasional melalui pertunjukan seni, teater, puisi Nabati, tari Al-Ardha, dan kaligrafi Arab. Lebih lanjut, festival ini memperkuat pencitraan negara Qatar sebagai negara modern, kreatif, dan beradab dengan mengintegrasikan tradisi dan inovasi melalui konsep STEAM (Sains, Teknologi, Teknik, Seni, dan Matematika). Festival ini juga berkontribusi pada pelestarian seni dan budaya Qatar dengan melibatkan generasi muda dan komunitas ekspatriat. Oleh karena itu, Festival D'reesha berfungsi sebagai platform penting untuk diplomasi budaya, meskipun keberlanjutannya masih membutuhkan dukungan kebijakan budaya yang konsisten. Kata kunci : Diplomasi Budaya, Festival D'reesha, identitas nasional, pencitraan negara, Qatar.
Copyright (c) 2026 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
KEPENTINGAN RUSIA DALAM MENERAPKAN TAX MANOEUVRE 2019
The tax maneuver policy implemented by Russia in 2019 was part of fiscal reforms in the energy sector carried out through a gradual reduction in oil export duties and an increase in mineral extraction taxes. These reforms were carried out in response to global oil price fluctuations, international economic pressures, and the Russian government's need to maintain the stability of state revenues. These changes in the tax structure not only affected Russia's domestic economy but also influenced its economic relations with partner countries, particularly Belarus, which had previously benefited from preferential energy pricing mechanisms. This study aims to analyze Russia's interest in implementing the 2019 Tax Maneuver Policy. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the implementation of tax maneuver is not solely aimed at increasing state revenue, but also as a strategy to maintain fiscal stability, strengthen state control over the energy sector, and maintain Russia's economic and political influence in the region, particularly in its relationship with Belarus.
Saudi Arabia's Strategic Partnership with South Korea in Saudi Vision 2030 Digital Transformation Efforts
By using strategic partnership theory from Thomas Wilkins, this study explains how partnership between Saudi Arabia with South Korea was built for digital transformation as as part of Saudi Vision 2030. South Korea was chosen as the main partner in the implementation of Vision 2030 despite the presence of many other developed countries capable of technological development. The Saudi Arabia-South Korea partnership vision is not based on ideology or shared values ​​like most partnerships, but is developing and actively producing various two-way economic and technological cooperation agreements between the two countries. This study uses qualitative methods to explore how the partnership between the two countries is forged in digital transformation cooperation and what foundations the partnership is based on. The findings highlight that Saudi Arabia's partnership with South Korea in digital cooperation is based on the principle of peace within a multipolar cooperation system; driven by Saudi Arabia's digital transformation goals and South Korea's global market expansion; built under low commitment costs; and prioritizes beneficial economic exchanges. This write contributes to a broader understanding of how partnerships between countries are established in multipolar systems and how shared goals can bridge ideological gaps between countries in strategic partnerships.
Diplomasi Internasional Kiai Otonom dan Termobilisasi?
The participation of religious actors in diplomacy has been widely discussed in existing literature. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the question of the independence of their diplomacy in relation to state foreign policy. This article aims to describe the participation of kiai’s diplomacy as religious actors in relation to state diplomacy. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research design based on documentation analysis of relevant sources. The findings indicate evidence of diplomatic participation that is both autonomous and mobilized or invited by the state. Another finding reveals an intersection between the ideational interests of religious actors and the instrumental interests of the state. In this context, the diplomacy of religious actors within the political system input arena can function both as a source of demand and as a form of support. In the sphere of foreign policy implementation, the diplomacy of kiai can even become a determining factor in the success of government diplomacy.
Penyelenggaraan Piala Dunia U-17 di Indonesia Tahun 2023 Dilihat Melalui Dimensi Diplomasi Publik
This study aims to analyze Indonesia's public diplomacy through the organization of the 2023 FIFA U-17 World Cup as an effort to restore its national image in the global arena, following the Kanjuruhan tragedy and the cancellation of the 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research and internet-based sources, framed by two dimensions of Mark Leonard’s three-dimensional public diplomacy model, namely news management and strategic communication. The findings reveal that the hosting of the U-17 World Cup in Indonesia was not merely a sporting event, but also an effective instrument of public diplomacy. By applying Leonard’s dimensions of public diplomacy, Indonesia successfully rebuilt a positive international image, promoted its soft power through cultural and sports appeal, and strengthened international relations. This inclusive and positive approach demonstrates that sports, particularly football, can serve as a powerful tool for building bridges between nations and shaping a more favorable global perception of Indonesia.
Propaganda Budaya sebagai Moral warfare: Musik Populer dan Resistensi Etik di Era Peperangan Asimetris
Entering the era of asymmetric warfare signifies that power is no longer confined to military capability but to the construction of moral legitimacy and cultural narratives. This transformation defines moral warfare, a conflict fought through values, ethics, and symbols that shape public consciousness. This research examines how cultural propaganda, particularly popular music, functions as an instrument of moral warfare and ethical resistance to ideological hegemony. Using integrative qualitative analysis of literature (2020–2025) on war ethics, soft power, and cultural hegemony, the study reveals that popular music influences collective moral awareness through artistic representation, lyrics addressing social issues, and digital dissemination. As a form of counter-hegemonic moral discourse, music integrates ethical, aesthetic, and communicative dimensions, enabling cultural transformation and serving as a non-military defence strategy based on moral persuasion and shared human values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Kepentingan Indonesia Dalam Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN
This study describes the factors inhibiting the optimization of Indonesia's interests within the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), employing Keohane and Nye's theoretical framework of Asymmetric Interdependence. Utilizing a qualitative library research method, the study examines Indonesia's position across four key areas: trade structure, investment flows, skilled labor mobility, and integration into Global Value Chains (GVCs). The findings reveal that Indonesia's relationship with fellow MEA member states is fundamentally asymmetrical. Indonesia remains locked into the role of a raw material supplier, a destination for extractive-consumptive investment, and an exporter of informal labor, while simultaneously being a net importer of high-value manufactured goods, a user of foreign skilled labor, and a consumer of final products. This pattern creates long-term structural vulnerabilities, weakens Indonesia's bargaining position, and hinders its economic transformation. The study concludes that Asymmetric Interdependence is a fundamental inhibiting factor that constrains Indonesia's ability to optimally leverage the MEA, necessitating strategic and long-term-oriented corrective policies.
Strategi Taliban dalam Mengambil Alih Pemerintahan Afghanistan
The establishment of the Taliban in Afghanistan led to significant conflict and upheaval after the withdrawal of the Soviet Union on February 15, 1989. Initially, the presence of the Taliban was seen as a source of hope for the Afghan community, who longed for stability after the Soviet conflict, which had resulted in a prolonged power struggle. However, that hope faded when the Taliban imposed repressive rules on the Afghan people. In 1996, the Taliban successfully took control of the Afghan government for the first time but collapsed in 2001 due to the US invasion following the 9/11 attacks. During this period, the Taliban faced destruction but eventually regained strength, and in 2021, it once again took control of Afghanistan.This paper aims to explain the strategies used by the Taliban to take over the Afghan government. The author uses Bruce Hoffman's concept of terrorism, supported by the views of other experts, to address the question of what strategies the Taliban employed. The results show that suicide bombings, symbolic violence, and the use of media and propaganda were key elements of the Taliban’s strategy. These approaches contributed to the loss of government credibility and ultimately paved the way for the Taliban to regain control of Afghanistan. Keywords: Taliban, Afghanistan, Taliban Strategy, Terrorism
Braily Diaz Nizardi Bhakti Nizardi Bhakti
China's Mediation Efforts In Resolving Afghanistan's Internal Conflict In 2016-2021
This research examines China's mediation efforts in resolving Afghanistan's internal conflict between 2016 and 2021, emphasizing the strategic national interests driving its involvement. Employing a qualitative explanatory method, the study utilizes secondary data gathered from scholarly literature, official reports, and policy documents. The data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model, involving data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion. The findings demonstrate that China's mediation is primarily motivated by its economic and security interests, notably its intent to safeguard investments and curb the spread of extremism into Xinjiang. Additionally, China seeks to promote regional stability to support the broader objectives of its Belt and Road Initiative. By engaging in bilateral dialogues and multilateral platforms—including collaboration with both the Afghan government and the Taliban—China has established itself as a pragmatic and influential actor in Central Asia’s peace process. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of China's foreign policy approach, regional engagement strategies, and conflict resolution diplomacy.
Serangan Rusia ke Ukraina Tahun 2022: Perspektif Dilema Keamanan
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, relations between Russia and Ukraine have fluctuated, encompassing a period of cooperation that began in 1997 and a period of tension that began in 2004. In 2022, tensions between the two countries reached their peak due to Russia's attack on Ukraine. The research aimed to explain Russia’s attack to Ukraine in 2022 and the reasons behind it. This research is a qualitative and case study research using secondary data extracted by reviewing the literature. The research concept employed in this study was the Security Dilemma concept. The results show that the reason for Russia's attack on Ukraine in 2022 is Russia's security dilemma due to Ukraine's desire to join NATO. If Ukraine joins NATO, Russia feels that its national security will be threatened due to the possibility of building NATO military bases in Ukraine and the loss of Russian influence over Ukraine.
Menjaga Keamanan Digital: Strategi serta Kebijakan Swiss dalam Mengatasi Ancaman Ransomware
The global rise in cybersecurity threats has also impacted Europe, with Switzerland experiencing ransomware attacks across diverse sectors, including private companies and banking institutions. This study aims to examine Switzerland's strategies and policies in response to these challenges. Using a descriptive methodology, data was gathered through a literature review. The findings reveal that Switzerland has implemented two primary strategies to address ransomware issues: the National Cybersecurity Strategy (NCS) and the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). In conclusion, the author proposes policy recommendations, such as enacting more comprehensive regulations and enhancing employee awareness within companies, to bolster Switzerland's defense against ransomware and improve preparedness and risk mitigation in the face of evolving cyber threats.
Peran Sahamiye Foundation Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi di Somaliland Melalui Aplikasi Daariz Pada Tahun 2021-2023
Literacy is one of the fundamental pillars of human development and social progress in a country. However, it remains a persistent challenge for developing and low-income regions such as Somaliland, which faces serious obstacles in basic education. In this context, non-state actors like the Sahamiye Foundation play a significant role through digital innovation. This study analyzes the role of the Sahamiye Foundation in promoting literacy in Somaliland through the Daariz application during the period 2021–2023. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through literature review from primary sources (official websites and the Daariz application) and secondary sources including academic journals, policy documents, and other relevant online publications. The analytical framework draws on the concept of international organizations, which encompasses three key roles: as instruments, arenas, and actors. The findings indicate that the Sahamiye Foundation strategically fulfills all three roles: as an instrument in developing educational applications and advocating for policy change; as an arena through collaborative partnerships with local institutions; and as an independent actor committed to advancing literacy without affiliation to specific political interests. Keywords: Somaliland, Literacy, Daariz, Sahamiye Foundation, International organizations
Peran G7 sebagai Komunitas Internasional dalam mengatasi Krisis Pangan Dunia akibat Konflik Rusia-Ukraina
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine did not just happen, this conflict has its roots in the internal political crisis in Ukraine and the intervention by the Russian military in the Crimean Peninsula which caused serious tensions between the two countries. Then the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has generated international condemnation and deep concern about the political, economic and humanitarian consequences it will cause. The international community of course condemned Russia's actions as a violation of international law and Ukraine's sovereignty, and also the conflict between these two countries will lead to a world food crisis where Russia and Ukraine are known as one of the world's agricultural product importers. for that the international community response to this invasion is very important. G7 as one of the international communities consisting of 7 countries with advanced economies plays a role in providing financial, medical, food assistance and protection for millions of people who are affected. And also the international community seeks to deal with conflicts and violations of state sovereignty. Either diplomatically or sanctions against Russia to stop its invasion of Ukraine, And also the solution related to food insecurity cannot only be overcome by opening free market access alone. because it is not only related to this war, the possibility of changes in weather and climate will also have an impact on world agricultural output For this reason, the G7 is making efforts for both Ukraine and the countries affected by this conflict to survive world food insecurity.
Kebudayaan Italia Melalui Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) di Indonesia
This article analyse Italian cultural diplomacy through film screening activities, namely the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) held in Indonesia in 2021 and 2023 by the Italian Embassy and Istituto Italiano di Cultura (IIC) Jakarta. The purpose of this research is to describe and find out the cultural diplomacy carried out by Italy through the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) event in Indonesia. This research focuses on two editions of the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF), namely in 2021 dan 2023. The research method used by the author is a qualitative method, with primary and secondary data collection. Primary data collection through interviews and secondary data collection through books, journals, official documents, websites, theses, articles, and internet. In analysing Italian cultural diplomacy through Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) in Indonesia, the author uses the concept of cultural diplomacy. This study found that Italian cultural diplomacy in organising the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) fulfills the core elements of cultural diplomacy proposed by Simon Mark, namely, actors and government involvement, objectives, activities, and audiences. In these four elements, there are maximum and less than maximum elements contained in Italian cultural diplomacy through Italian Film Festival (ITAFF).
Comparative Analysis of Economic Diplomacy of The PRC and The ROK to DR Congo
The purpose of this study is to analyze comparative economic diplomacy carried out by the PRC and the ROK to DR Congo as an effort to safeguard natural resources (cobalt and copper), competition, and the impact on the SDGs agenda using International Relation’s Liberalism Theory and secondary data. PRC and the ROK need to secure cobalt and copper so that their electric vehicle industry can continue to compete in the world electric vehicle market. DR Congo is the world's largest producer of cobalt and the fourth largest copper producer in the world. DR Congo's GDP is ranked 45th out of 53 African countries. Thus, DR Congo must be able to build the country's infrastructure so that its GDP can increase. PRC and the ROK, thirsty for cobalt and copper for their electric vehicle industries, are moving closer to DR Congo to secure its cobalt and copper. The economic diplomacy carried out by the PRC is a resource for infrastructure while the ROK is based on the principle of mutual benefits. Thus, PRC and the ROK get resources (cobalt and copper) and DR Congo gets the country’s development which is following several SDGs agendas. This paper answers that the economic diplomacy carried out by the PRC and the ROK to DR Congo is an attempt to secure cobalt and copper, creates a competitive environment between PRC and the ROK, and also has an impact on the SDGs in DR Congo.
Indonesian Public Diplomacy Towards UNESCO In Realizing The Emerald Karst Of Equator Raja Ampat As A UNESCO Global Geopark
ABSTRACT The development of the Raja Ampat geopark is supported by 3 main elements, namely geological diversity, biodiversity and cultural diversity. UNESCO Global Geoparks act as an intermediary through which sites and landscapes of international geological importance are managed according to a comprehensive protection concept. Indonesian diplomacy can ensure UNESCO's full support to preserve and also promote Indonesian heritage. This research tries to explain how Indonesia's public diplomacy towards UNESCO is in efforts to achieve the Raja Ampat Geopark as a UNESCO Global Geopark. This research method is the theory of public diplomacy by Mark Leonard Nation Branding by Simon Anholt. Based on research results, Indonesian public diplomacy is an important factor in realizing Raja Ampat as a UNESCO Global Geopark, environmental factors and the unique geology of Raja Ampat are the main considerations to support Indonesian public diplomacy towards UNESCO, labeling Raja Ampat as a UNESCO Global Geopark is proven to be able to increase Indonesian branding which will opens up opportunities for collaboration in several sectors. Keywords: Geopark, Raja Ampat, UNESCO Global Geopark, Public Diplomacy
Bride Trafficking in Southeast Asia: Understanding the Socioeconomic, Legal, and Human Rights
Bride trafficking in Southeast Asia is a complex issue influenced by socioeconomic factors such as poverty, gender inequality, and disparities in education and employment. Globalisation, migration, and social pressures also contribute to the increasing cases. Legal aspects are crucial to understanding and addressing this issue. This research examines the existing legal frameworks in Southeast Asian member countries, including regulations on human trafficking, victim protection, and law enforcement. It reviews the psychological, physical, and social impacts of victims and emphasises the need for protection, rehabilitation, and access to justice. The research methodology is qualitative with a descriptive approach, based on a literature review and expert responses. The article also highlights the role of ASEAN in addressing this issue, highlighting its potential to facilitate cooperation among member countries. This comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon is expected to serve as a foundation for ongoing efforts to combat bride trafficking and protect human rights in the region
Unit Ansor Banser Cyber NU dalam Melawan Pertumbuhan Katibah Nusantara di Jawa Timur
The Katibah Nusantara (KN) group is considered as a radical group that uses the internet to spread its ideology, to recruit members, and to establish a global caliphate. The primary target of the KN group is young people, who are then incited to commit acts of terror, this condition have negative impact in society. Therefore, countering radical islamic ideology through the internet becomes crucial. This research highlights the role of Ansor Banser Cyber Anti Hoax NU Unit in combating the growth of KN ideology in East Java. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive analytical approach. Data was collected using literature review techniques. The result of this research show that the Ansor Banser Cyber Anti Hoax NU Unit understands that the spread of radical islamic ideology on social media is a threat to the Republic of Indonesia and Pancasila. Several strategies employed include acting as a filter, creating new opinions and serving as a communication bridge.
Diplomasi Indonesia Dalam Meningkatkan Kunjungan Wisatawan dari Uni Emirat Arab Tahun 2016-2023
Tourist visits from the Middle East to Indonesia continue to increase from year by year. Although tourists from Saudi Arabia still dominate the number of tourist visits from the Middle East, tourists from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) can not be underestimated. Based on the passenger exit survey of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of Indonesia, the state revenue from UAE tourist spending in 2015 reached 206 USD. Therefore, in 2016 the Indonesian government targets to increase the number of tourist arrivals from the UAE through multi-track diplomacy by the Indonesian government, non-governmental organizations, business people and individuals.
Sekuritisasi Isu Imigran Oleh Partai Sayap Kanan di Eropa Pasca Covid-19
This research focuses on securitization efforts carried out by right-wing parties in European countries over the presence of immigrants and refugees in their countries' territories. European countries have long been a refuge for refugees and immigrants from various countries. This has led to an increase in the number of foreign citizens in various European countries who are seeking security and obtaining citizenship. Furthermore, after the Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in early 2020 and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine resulted in changes in the flow of voting and the views of the people of European countries regarding the presence of right-wing parties in government. This research uses a descriptive method that will explain the factors that encourage several right-wing political figures in Europe to voice issues regarding the existence of refugees and immigrants who could pose a threat in their region. Through political figures, right-wing parties use narratives and campaigns in an effort to attract and take votes from people who are dissatisfied with the direction of current political policies. Then right-wing parties also try to participate in policy making regarding the presence of immigrants and refugees in their region.
Upaya Diplomasi Publik Dalam Mempromosikan Produk Fashion Indonesia di Luar Negeri
Indonesia is one of the countries that has many kinds of cultures, which include dances, musical instruments, ritual traditions and clothing in each region in Indonesia. Public diplomacy is also seen based on a series of efforts to open good communication space and negotiate national elements in the international world. To get the attention of the international community and give a good image to Indonesia, it is necessary to make efforts made by Indonesia, namely by promoting fashion to the international community in order to achieve Indonesia's national interests. Although it is undeniable, a number of fashion product brands in Indonesia still need improvement to compete with foreign brands, because there are still many people who think that the quality of foreign brands is better, but with the creativity of Indonesian designers who are starting to provide ready-to-wear product choices at affordable prices than foreign brands. Human resources and a lot of international markets will have potential in the fashion sector so that special attention is shown by the government. Not only the government but citizens also have the ability to be actors in diplomacy. This study aims to determine public diplomacy efforts in promoting Indonesian fashion products abroad. This research is descriptive research. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from articles, online journals, books, and internet facilities. This research uses library research data collection techniques and the data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis technique. This research uses the theoretical framework of public diplomacy and creative industries. The results showed that public diplomacy efforts in promoting Indonesian fashion products abroad are by collaborating between the government and the private sector, as well as facilitating and promoting domestic products to the international world.
Copyright (c) 2024 Interdependence Journal of International Studies
Peran Cruelty Free International (CFI) Dalam Menangani Kasus Animal Testing di Jerman
The case of animal testing violations in Germany was uncovered through an investigation conducted by Cruelty Free International (CFI). The high number of animal testing violations in Germany has been increasing annually. CFI, as an international organization dedicated to animal welfare, initiated its investigation in 2015 into Germany's largest private laboratory, LPT. In 2020, CFI successfully persuaded LPT to cease using animals as test subjects, in line with CFI's principles.
Keputusan Panama Meratifikasi Konvensi Ballast Water Management
This study aims to analyze and explain the factors that motivated Panama to ratify the Ballast Water Management Convention in 2016. The type of research is descriptive with the form of secondary data. The analysis technique that will be used is a qualitative technique. The theory used hereinafter uses the theory of National Interest and Foreign Policy by KJ Holsti. The results of this study indicate that the ratification of the Ballast Water Management convention by Panama in 2016 was based on national interests and also on its foreign policy through internal and external factors. The first of Panama's National Interests is to maintain Panama's aquatic environment, the second is to stabilize Panama's economy and increase employment, the third is to increase a positive image internationally, the fourth is to expand Panama's influence as a Flag State, Coastal State and Port State, and the fifth is to achieve Panama's SDG's vision and mission. And the factors that drive its foreign policy are internally such as geographical conditions, economic encouragement, to Panama's national attributes while externally such as Panama's position in the IMO, ballast water issues which are a regional and global problem to opinions from the international community.
Strategi Food and Agriculture Organization Dalam Mengatasi Krisis Pangan Akibat Cuaca Ekstrim di Sub-Sahara
Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions that contributes the least to global climate changes, however, it is one of the most vulnerable regions to affected by the climate change and extreme weather. In addition to climate factors, the low level of economic and technological development in Sub-Saharan Africa is also one of the factors that this country is hit by a food and human crisis. FAO (Food And Argiculture Organization) contributes to overcome the problem of food security around the world, and guarantees human freedom from hunger. This study discusses the strategy of the International Food and Argiculture Organization (FAO) in dealing with food and human security problems due to climate change and extreme weather in sub-Saharan African countries. With the help of FAO, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa can implement several programs that provide benefits, especially for food, agriculture and animal husbandry. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe FAO's strategy in dealing with the food crisis caused by extreme weather in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study uses a qualitative method. In analyzing this research, the concepts of food security and Transnational and Interstate Interactions are used to analyze the role of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) in providing technical assistance in agriculture for food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. FAO as an international organization is the initiator and facilitator of non-state actors who seek to overcome food and human security problems caused by extreme weather.
Hambatan Perlindungan Terhadap Anak Perempuan di Ghana
Tradition is an aspect of culture preserved and passed down from generation to generation. Tradition is also known as a concept that defines the identity and uniqueness of a community, which is also a source of security. Tradition is praised, glorified, and related to something good in a particular custom or area and is considered sacred. However, in Ghana there is a tradition called the Trokosi tradition. This tradition is also a cycle of sexual exploitation that society cannot break. Various protection efforts have been made by the Government of Ghana, INGOS, and even local community organizations, but this tradition is still being carried out today. By using the concept of feminism, this study wants to analyze the obstacles to efforts to protect girls who are victims of the Trokosi tradition in Ghana. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the research results or analysis from other parties directly involved in the form of news, journals, and books. With a radical feminist perspective, the author finds that the deep-rooted patriarchal culture has strengthened the trokosi tradition as the main factor inhibiting the protection of girls in Ghana.
Analisis Reaktivasi Perundingan Indonesia–Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA) pada Tahun 2019
The economic relations that Indonesia and South Korea have established become a strong reason why both countries agreed to take their cooperation into the next level. Thus, Indonesia and South Korea agreed to enhance their economic relations through an intensified agreement: IK-CEPA, or, Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. However, ever since the first rounds of negotiation started in 2012, both countries have yet to reach a consensus on the establishment of the agreement. Thus making the negotiation processes halted. The factors that influence the termination of this agreement are mainly caused by the difference of stake & interest. It is then after 4 years, in 2019, the reactivation of this agreement is agreed upon. Both countries continued the negotiation rounds and signed the agreement in 2020. This research aims to find out why both countries decided to reactivate the negotiation process using the theory of Two Level Games by Robert Putnam. Based on the analysis, it is then found that both countries have overlapping interests in this agreement that are mutually beneficial. Using the win-set concept, the overlapping interest was found through the Two Levels: International and Domestic Level in Korea and Indonesia. This research analyzed the overlapping interest in Level II: Preferences and Coalitions & Political Institution, and Level I: Negotiation Strategy.
Copyright (c) 2023 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Persepsi Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional di Universitas Mulawarman Terhadap Body Positivity Pasca Kemenangan Abena Appiah di Miss Grand International Tahun 2020
This study aims to determine the perceptions of International Relations Students at Mulawarman University towards Body Positivity following Abena Appiah's victory in Miss Grand International 2020, as well as the implications of Abena Appiah's victory for international relations and association between nations by using Identity Political Theory and Body Image Concepts. The type of data used is in the form of primary and secondary data through qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the body positivity movement is accepted by International Relations Students at Mulawarman University as a positive renewal movement in respecting and accepting one's posture/body shape even though it is different from the posture/body shape of other people. The implications of Abena Appiah's victory on patterns of international relations and association between nations are positive. On the one hand, it is a strong signal and a reminder alarm for all countries/nations how the concept of beauty does not recognize and is not imprisoned by state administrative boundaries or primordial boundaries such as ethnicity, nation, race, skin color, certain religions.
Sistem Penempatan Satu Kanal sebagai Strategi Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Arab Saudi
Problems related to Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) or Indonesian migrant worker occurs frequently in their working countries, on of them is Saudi Arabia. The country has the highest number of problems in relations to PMI. Therefore, Indonesian government by 2015 put moratorium of sending PMI to Saudi Arabia into force. Yet, this policy generated a new problem in which more PMI flew to Saudi Arabia illegally. Thereafter, in 2018 government issued a policy called Sistem Penempatan Satu Kanal (SPSK). This research aims to observe how was the implementation of SPSK by looking through system theory. As the result, SPSK policy yet successful because the implementation was not quite effective due to several impediments.
Alasan Amerika Serikat Mundur Dari Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) Tahun 2019
On August 2, 2019, the United States officially withdrew from the INF Treaty. The United States' decision was announced in a press release by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This study aims to explain the reasons for the withdrawal of the United States. As an analytical tool, this study uses the Decision Making Process Theory by William D. Coplin where the results of the research shows that US decisions are influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include Donald Trump's America First Policy, and the domination of the Republican Party in the Congress which has led to an increase of United States military budget while external factors are based on Russia's offence of 9M729 missile possess and threats of China's military capability enhancement which is not parties to the INF Treaty.
Masyarakat Adat Dalam Konsepsi Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia yang Stagnan
The issue of indigenous peoples is becoming an endlessly vital issue in human rights. The rights of indigenous peoples still cannot be accommodated through national policy or international policies. Therefore, this paper identifies the reasons of problems regarding indigenous peoples still cannot be resolved even though there is UNDRIP (United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples). Coming out with the question "Why are the problems regarding the rights of indigenous peoples in Indonesia still unresolved", this paper pursues to discover the problems of indigenous peoples in Indonesia through a postcolonial perspective. With applying postcolonial theory, it can be seen that in matters of community rights, Indonesia enforces land management structures, domesticates the mind, and integrates their national economy with indigenous peoples, it results blurring of boundaries between customary and state territories.