Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://ijis.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/index.php/ijis <p>Interdependence Journal of International Studies (IJIS) is a peer-reviewed journal published by Department of International Relations, Universitas Mulawarman. IJIS covers a broad range of subjects under International Relations discipline, including diplomacy and global issues, international politics and security, international economics and development, and humanitarian issues.</p> Department of International Relations, Universitas Mulawarman en-US Interdependence Journal of International Studies 2723-0570 Sekuritisasi Isu Imigran Oleh Partai Sayap Kanan di Eropa Pasca Covid-19 https://ijis.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/index.php/ijis/article/view/74 <p><em>This research focuses on securitization efforts carried out by right-wing parties in European countries over the presence of immigrants and refugees in their countries' territories. European countries have long been a refuge for refugees and immigrants from various countries. This has led to an increase in the number of foreign citizens in various European countries who are seeking security and obtaining citizenship. Furthermore, after the Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in early 2020 and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine resulted in changes in the flow of voting and the views of the people of European countries regarding the presence of right-wing parties in government. This research uses a descriptive method that will explain the factors that encourage several right-wing political figures in Europe to voice issues regarding the existence of refugees and immigrants who could pose a threat in their region. Through political figures, right-wing parties use narratives and campaigns in an effort to attract and take votes from people who are dissatisfied with the direction of current political policies. Then right-wing parties also try to participate in policy making regarding the presence of immigrants and refugees in their region.</em></p> Mohamad Dziqie Aulia Al Farauqi Muhammad Rizzami Aliffatharani Devy Indah Paramitha Copyright (c) 2025 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-04-20 2025-04-20 5 2 67 79 10.54144/ijis.v5i2.74 Diplomasi Indonesia Dalam Meningkatkan Kunjungan Wisatawan dari Uni Emirat Arab Tahun 2016-2023 https://ijis.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/index.php/ijis/article/view/81 <p><span class="TextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0" lang="ID" xml:lang="ID" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Tourist</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">visits</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">from</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Middle</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">East</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">to</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> Indonesia </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">continue</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">to</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">increase</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">from</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">year</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">by</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">year</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Although</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">tourists</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">from</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> Saudi </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Arabia</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">still</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">dominate</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">number</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">of</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">tourist</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">visits</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">from</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Middle</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">East</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">tourists</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">from</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> United Arab Emirates </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">(UAE) </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0" lang="ID" xml:lang="ID" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">can</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> not </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">be</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">underestimated</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Based</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">on</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">passenger</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">exit</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">survey</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">of</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Ministry</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">of</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Tourism</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">and</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Creative</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Economy</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">of</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> Indonesia, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">state</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">revenue</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">from</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> UAE </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">tourist</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">spending</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> in 2015 </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">reached</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> 206 USD. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">Therefore</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">, in 2016 </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> Indonesian </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">government</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">targets</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">to</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">increase</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">number</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">of</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">tourist</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">arrivals</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">from</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> UAE </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">through</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">multi-track</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">diplomacy</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">by</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0"> Indonesian </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">government</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">, non-</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">governmental</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">organizations</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">business</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">people</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">and</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">individuals</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW169922245 BCX0">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW169922245 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:230,&quot;335559737&quot;:262}">&nbsp;</span></p> Siti Fajriah Munawarah Aisyah Saipuddin Copyright (c) 2025 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-04-20 2025-04-20 5 2 80 90 10.54144/ijis.v5i2.81 Unit Ansor Banser Cyber NU dalam Melawan Pertumbuhan Katibah Nusantara di Jawa Timur https://ijis.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/index.php/ijis/article/view/82 <p><span class="TextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">The Katibah Nusantara (KN) group is considered as a radical group that uses the internet to spread its ideology, to recruit members, and to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">establish</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> a global caliphate</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">. The primary target of the KN group is young people, who are then incited to commit acts of terror, this condition </span><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW251162145 BCX0">have</span> <span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW251162145 BCX0">negative</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> impact </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">in</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> society. Therefore, countering radical </span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251162145 BCX0">islamic</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> ideology through the internet becomes crucial</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">. This research highlights the role of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">Ansor</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> Banser Cyber Anti Hoax NU Unit</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> in combating the growth of KN ideology in East Java. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive analytical approach. Data was collected using literature review techniques. The </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">result of this research show that the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">Ansor</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> Banser Cyber Anti Hoax NU Unit understands that the spread of radical </span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251162145 BCX0">islamic</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> ideology on social media is a threat to the Republic of Indonesia and </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">Pancasila. Several strategies employed include acting as a filter, creating new </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0">opinions</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW251162145 BCX0"> and serving as a communication bridge.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW251162145 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335572071&quot;:0,&quot;335572072&quot;:0,&quot;335572073&quot;:0,&quot;335572075&quot;:0,&quot;335572076&quot;:0,&quot;335572077&quot;:0,&quot;335572079&quot;:0,&quot;335572080&quot;:0,&quot;335572081&quot;:0,&quot;335572083&quot;:0,&quot;335572084&quot;:0,&quot;335572085&quot;:0,&quot;335572087&quot;:0,&quot;335572088&quot;:0,&quot;335572089&quot;:0,&quot;469789798&quot;:&quot;nil&quot;,&quot;469789802&quot;:&quot;nil&quot;,&quot;469789806&quot;:&quot;nil&quot;,&quot;469789810&quot;:&quot;nil&quot;,&quot;469789814&quot;:&quot;nil&quot;}">&nbsp;</span></p> Ahmad Muntaha Sari Mulyani Frisca Alexandra Copyright (c) 2025 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-04-20 2025-04-20 5 2 91 112 10.54144/ijis.v5i2.82 Bride Trafficking in Southeast Asia: Understanding the Socioeconomic, Legal, and Human Rights https://ijis.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/index.php/ijis/article/view/76 <p><em>Bride trafficking in Southeast Asia is a complex issue influenced by socioeconomic factors such as poverty, gender inequality, and disparities in education and employment. Globalisation, migration, and social pressures also contribute to the increasing cases. Legal aspects are crucial to understanding and addressing this issue. This research examines the existing legal frameworks in Southeast Asian member countries, including regulations on human trafficking, victim protection, and law enforcement. It reviews the psychological, physical, and social impacts of victims and emphasises the need for protection, rehabilitation, and access to justice. The research methodology is qualitative with a descriptive approach, based on a literature review and expert responses. The article also highlights the role of ASEAN in addressing this issue, highlighting its potential to facilitate cooperation among member countries. This comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon is expected to serve as a foundation for ongoing efforts to combat bride trafficking and protect human rights in the region</em></p> Yolanda Putri Aulia Made Panji Teguh Santoso Copyright (c) 2025 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-04-20 2025-04-20 5 2 113 124 10.54144/ijis.v5i2.76 Indonesian Public Diplomacy Towards UNESCO In Realizing The Emerald Karst Of Equator Raja Ampat As A UNESCO Global Geopark https://ijis.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/index.php/ijis/article/view/75 <p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p> <p><em>The development of the Raja Ampat geopark is supported by 3 main elements, namely geological diversity, biodiversity and cultural diversity. UNESCO Global Geoparks act as an intermediary through which sites and landscapes of international geological importance are managed according to a comprehensive protection concept. Indonesian diplomacy can ensure UNESCO's full support to preserve and also promote Indonesian heritage. This research tries to explain how Indonesia's public diplomacy towards UNESCO is in efforts to achieve the Raja Ampat Geopark as a UNESCO Global Geopark. This research method is the theory of public diplomacy by Mark Leonard Nation Branding by Simon Anholt. Based on research results, Indonesian public diplomacy is an important factor in realizing Raja Ampat as a UNESCO Global Geopark, environmental factors and the unique geology of Raja Ampat are the main considerations to support Indonesian public diplomacy towards UNESCO, labeling Raja Ampat as a UNESCO Global Geopark is proven to be able to increase Indonesian branding which will opens up opportunities for collaboration in several sectors.</em></p> <p>Keywords: <em>Geopark</em><em>, </em><em>Raja Ampat</em><em>, </em><em>UNESCO Global Geopark</em><em>, Public Diplomacy</em></p> Mawar Erina Putri nurinaya nurinaya Copyright (c) 2025 Interdependence Journal of International Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-04-20 2025-04-20 5 2 125 135 10.54144/ijis.v5i2.75