Interdependence Journal of International Studies

Comparative Analysis of Economic Diplomacy of The PRC and The ROK to DR Congo

Darynaufal, Achmad Ismail, Theofilus — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to analyze comparative economic diplomacy carried out by the PRC and the ROK to DR Congo as an effort to safeguard natural resources (cobalt and copper), competition, and the impact on the SDGs agenda using International Relation’s Liberalism Theory and secondary data. PRC and the ROK need to secure cobalt and copper so that their electric vehicle industry can continue to compete in the world electric vehicle market. DR Congo is the world's largest producer of cobalt and the fourth largest copper producer in the world. DR Congo's GDP is ranked 45th out of 53 African countries. Thus, DR Congo must be able to build the country's infrastructure so that its GDP can increase. PRC and the ROK, thirsty for cobalt and copper for their electric vehicle industries, are moving closer to DR Congo to secure its cobalt and copper. The economic diplomacy carried out by the PRC is a resource for infrastructure while the ROK is based on the principle of mutual benefits. Thus, PRC and the ROK get resources (cobalt and copper) and DR Congo gets the country’s development which is following several SDGs agendas. This paper answers that the economic diplomacy carried out by the PRC and the ROK to DR Congo is an attempt to secure cobalt and copper, creates a competitive environment between PRC and the ROK, and also has an impact on the SDGs in DR Congo.

Diplomasi Kebudayaan Italia Melalui Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) di Indonesia

Muthya ., Enny Fathurachmi — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyse Italian cultural diplomacy through film screening activities, namely the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) held in Indonesia in 2021 and 2023 by the Italian Embassy and Istituto Italiano di Cultura (IIC) Jakarta. The purpose of this research is to describe and find out the cultural diplomacy carried out by Italy through the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) event in Indonesia. This research focuses on two editions of the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF), namely in 2021 dan 2023. The research method used by the author is a qualitative method, with primary and secondary data collection. Primary data collection through interviews and secondary data collection through books, journals, official documents, websites, theses, articles, and internet. In analysing Italian cultural diplomacy through Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) in Indonesia, the author uses the concept of cultural diplomacy. This study found that Italian cultural diplomacy in organising the Italian Film Festival (ITAFF) fulfills the core elements of cultural diplomacy proposed by Simon Mark, namely, actors and government involvement, objectives, activities, and audiences. In these four elements, there are maximum and less than maximum elements contained in Italian cultural diplomacy through Italian Film Festival (ITAFF).

Peran G7 sebagai Komunitas Internasional dalam mengatasi Krisis Pangan Dunia akibat Konflik Rusia-Ukraina

Yusran Syarif, Mohamad Dziqie Aulia Al Farauqi, Intan Kinanthi Damarin Tyas — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine did not just happen, this conflict has its roots in the internal political crisis in Ukraine and the intervention by the Russian military in the Crimean Peninsula which caused serious tensions between the two countries. Then the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has generated international condemnation and deep concern about the political, economic and humanitarian consequences it will cause. The international community of course condemned Russia's actions as a violation of international law and Ukraine's sovereignty, and also the conflict between these two countries will lead to a world food crisis where Russia and Ukraine are known as one of the world's agricultural product importers. for that the international community response to this invasion is very important. G7 as one of the international communities consisting of 7 countries with advanced economies plays a role in providing financial, medical, food assistance and protection for millions of people who are affected. And also the international community seeks to deal with conflicts and violations of state sovereignty. Either diplomatically or sanctions against Russia to stop its invasion of Ukraine, And also the solution related to food insecurity cannot only be overcome by opening free market access alone. because it is not only related to this war, the possibility of changes in weather and climate will also have an impact on world agricultural output For this reason, the G7 is making efforts for both Ukraine and the countries affected by this conflict to survive world food insecurity.

Peran Sahamiye Foundation Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi di Somaliland Melalui Aplikasi Daariz Pada Tahun 2021-2023

Kezia Cantik Siburian, Aisyah — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Literacy is one of the fundamental pillars of human development and social progress in a country. However, it remains a persistent challenge for developing and low-income regions such as Somaliland, which faces serious obstacles in basic education. In this context, non-state actors like the Sahamiye Foundation play a significant role through digital innovation. This study analyzes the role of the Sahamiye Foundation in promoting literacy in Somaliland through the Daariz application during the period 2021–2023. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through literature review from primary sources (official websites and the Daariz application) and secondary sources including academic journals, policy documents, and other relevant online publications. The analytical framework draws on the concept of international organizations, which encompasses three key roles: as instruments, arenas, and actors. The findings indicate that the Sahamiye Foundation strategically fulfills all three roles: as an instrument in developing educational applications and advocating for policy change; as an arena through collaborative partnerships with local institutions; and as an independent actor committed to advancing literacy without affiliation to specific political interests.

Keywords: Somaliland, Literacy, Daariz, Sahamiye Foundation, International organizations

Menjaga Keamanan Digital: Strategi serta Kebijakan Swiss dalam Mengatasi Ancaman Ransomware

Mokhamad Saiful Farisin — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The global rise in cybersecurity threats has also impacted Europe, with Switzerland experiencing ransomware attacks across diverse sectors, including private companies and banking institutions. This study aims to examine Switzerland's strategies and policies in response to these challenges. Using a descriptive methodology, data was gathered through a literature review. The findings reveal that Switzerland has implemented two primary strategies to address ransomware issues: the National Cybersecurity Strategy (NCS) and the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). In conclusion, the author proposes policy recommendations, such as enacting more comprehensive regulations and enhancing employee awareness within companies, to bolster Switzerland's defense against ransomware and improve preparedness and risk mitigation in the face of evolving cyber threats.